COCOA

Cocoa is grown between 20°N and 20°S latitude, but maximum areas are situated between 10°N and 10°S latitude. The cocoa tree flourishes in the dense shade of warm rain forests in its natural habitat and hence can be cultivated in all similar climatic conditions. The tree cannot withstand high winds, drought or sudden fall in temperature. The crop requires well-distributed rainfall. It requires a minimum of 90-100 mm rainfall per month with an annual rainfall of 1500-2000 mm. Situations where the temperature falls below 10°C or rises above 38°C are unfavourable although minor deviations from the above limit can be adjusted by shade and irrigation. High wind velocity causes considerable mechanical damage to trees.

Cocoa is grown at altitude up to 900 m above MSL though it is possible to grow the crop even in much higher elevations under sheltered conditions. Cocoa requires deep and well drained soils. Poorly drained soil affects growth of plants. It grows well in the pH range of 6.5 to 7.0. The virgin forest soils are ideal for cultivation of cocoa. The soil should be such as allowing easy penetration of roots capable of retaining moisture during summer and allowing circulation of air and moisture. Clay loams and sandy loams are suitable.

Last updated: 26-04-2008